Saturday, October 12, 2024

80 Years Ago, Thursday, 12 October 1944

US NAVY

PACIFIC—TF 38 (Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher) hurls heavy air strikes against Japanese shipping, aerodromes, and industrial plants on Formosa, regarded as the strongest and best-developed base south of the homeland proper, and on northern Luzon. Strikes draw heavy Japanese aerial counterattacks off Formosa during which destroyer Prichett (DD‑561) is damaged by friendly fire, 22°08'N, 123°19'E. TF 38 planes sink transport Asaka Maru, cargo ship Shirotai Maru, army cargo ship Mitsuki Maru, and merchant tankers No.6 Horai Maru, No.23 Nanshin Maru, and No.26 Nanshin Maru off the Pescadores, 23°30'N, 119°34'E; and transports Bujo Maru and Joshu Maru, army cargo ship Yamahagi Maru, merchant cargo ships Gyoun Maru, Hakko Maru, No.11 Tenjin Maru, and No.1 Takatomi Maru, and merchant tankers No.5 Nanshin Maru, No.11 Nanshin Maru and No.20 Nanshin Maru, dredge Niitaka Maru, and damage tanker Eiho Maru and army cargo ship Shinto Maru off Takao, 22°37'N, 119°34'E. Also damaged at Takao is German ship Havenstein, Japanese cargo vessels Taisho Maru, Taihoku Maru, and, at Keelung, Hakozaki Maru.

            TF 38 planes also sink merchant cargo ship Shinan Maru in Putai harbor, 23°22'N, 120°10'E. Destruction of Japanese air power on Formosa paves way for USAAF B-29 bomber strikes on aircraft plant and airfield facilities on the island on 14 and 16 October 1944. Air strikes on the Formosa area sink Japanese transport Josho Maru, and army cargo ship Yamahagi Maru, off Takao; army ship Mitsuki Maru and merchant tanker No.6 Horai Maru, off Mako; Japanese cargo ship Shirotai Maru is sunk by mine off Mako.

            Motor torpedo boat PT‑368, damaged by grounding, western New Guinea, 01°59'N, 127°57'E, is scuttled by demolition charges.

            Submarine Ray (SS‑271) sinks Japanese transport Toko Maru near Cape Cavalite, Mindoro, 13°32'N, 120°21'E, and survives counterattack by Hiyodosi and Coast Defense Vessel No.2.

            Submarine Trepang (SS‑412) damages Japanese destroyer Fuyuzuki off Omaesuki, 33°56'N, 138°09'E.

            British submarine HMS Strongbow sinks Japanese cargo ship Manryo Maru in Strait of Malacca, 02°50'N, 100°50'E.

 

US ARMY AIR FORCE

EIGHTH AF—Over 500 heavy bombers attack marshalling yard at Osnabruck, aircraft industries at Bremen, and targets of opportunity including Diepholz airfield. 11 fighter groups escort heavy bombers, claiming 18 fighters downed.

NINTH AF—Ninth AF is delegated administrative (in addition to operational) control over XII Tactical Air Command hitherto assumed by USSTAF. Advanced HQ XIX Tactical Air Command arrives at Nancy, following the advance of US Third Army. Almost 250 medium bombers and light bombers bomb Camp‑de‑Bitche military camp, rail bridges at Grevenbroich and Ahrweiler, city areas of Langerwehe, Aldenhoven, and Venraij, and various targets of opportunity. Escorting fighters fly also armed reconnaissance and rail cutting in Dusseldorf, Aachen, and Belfort areas, and support VIII, XII, XV, and XX Corps in eastern France and western Germany.

TWELFTH AF—Medium bombers, supporting US Fifth Army, attack communications, supply dumps, and bivouac and barracks areas south of Bologna. Fighter bombers and XII Fighter Command fighters, mainly in support of US Fifth Army, blast supply dumps, gun positions, troop concentrations, and communications in the high country south of Bologna (while Desert AF gives similar support to British Eighth Army in Rimini area).

FIFTEENTH AF—Around 700 heavy bombers, with fighter support, pound ammo and fuel dumps and depots, bivouac area, barracks, vehicle repair shop, munitions factory and targets of opportunity in Bologna area (Operation PANCAKE) supporting US Fifth Army offensive in that sector. 160 P‑51’s strafe mainline railroad and Danube River traffic in Vienna-Gyor-Budapest areas and strafe Seregelyes airfield, disrupting traffic and destroying many enemy airplanes.

TENTH AF—18 P‑47’s bomb railroad targets in the Naba-Mawlu rail corridor damaging a bridge approach, and strike troops and stores near Nayakaung. 12 other P‑47’s hit various targets at Pintha and Nyaunggon. 4 B‑26’s knock out a bridge just north of Lashio. 3 others knock out bridge at Kawlin and damage tracks near Man Pwe bridge.

FOURTEENTH AF—3 B‑25’s and 12 P‑40’s hit Chefang storage area and bridge and general targets of opportunity in Mangshih area. 40‑plus P‑40’s and P‑51’s on armed reconnaissance covering wide areas of southern China and extending into western Burma attack troop concentrations, river traffic, storage areas, and buildings in areas around Taochuan, Kweiping, Hsinganhsien, Yuncheng, Tanchuk, and Hsenwi.

FEAF—B‑24’s bomb Ambesia, Langoan, Mapanget, and Sidate airfields. B‑25’s, A‑20’s, and P‑47’s again pound airfields at Liang, Laha, Namlea, Kairatoe and Haroekoe, and town of Boela. P‑38’s hit numerous targets of opportunity on Halmahera Island. Fighter bombers hit Manokwari and Urarom and A‑20’s bomb pillboxes in Sarmi area.

TWENTIETH AF—First B‑29 (Joltin’ Josie, the Pacific Pioneer) arrives at Saipan, piloted by Gen Hansell, CG XXI Bomber Command, for whom temporary HQ are set up on Saipan. Also the regular air echelon of 73d Bomb wing arrives at Saipan on this date, followed during Oct and first week in Nov by 4 bomb groups and 4 air service groups. (313th Bomb wing will be established in the theater in Dec 44, 314th in Jan 45, 58th in Mar, and 315th in Apr. In Mar 45 VII Fighter Command will be established at Iwo Jima from where some of its units escort B‑29 missions).

SEVENTH AF—B‑24’s from Saipan bomb harbor and shipping at Chichi Jima, shipping south of Haha Jima, AA positions on Marcus, and airfield area on Pagan. P‑47’s hit Pagan airfield area with bombs and rockets. B‑24’s from Kwajalein bomb Wake during 12/13 Oct.

ELEVENTH AF—3 B‑24’s hit airfield and shipping targets in the Matsuwa-Onnekotan area.

 

US ARMY

WESTERN EUROPE—21 Army Group: In British Second Army’s 8 Corps area, 3d Division attacks southward against Peel Marshes salient, clearing Overloon. U.S. 7th Armored Division provides diversionary demonstration along Deurne–Venray road.

            12th Army Group: In U.S. First Army’s XIX Corps area, 30th Division with objective of taking Wuerselen and closing Aachen gap, is prevented from doing this by series of enemy counterattacks aimed at widening the Aachen corridor and forcing corps back to line Bardenberg–Euchen. Germans are thrown back at Birk, southeast of Bardenberg, and at North Wuerselen with aid of aircraft and artillery, but new panzer units are identified, indicating major reinforcement of the region. Corps regroups to meet this threat. In VII Corps area, in preparation for main assault on Aachen, 3d Battalion of 26th Infantry, 1st Division, nears factory district between Aachen and Haaren. Air and artillery bombardment of Aachen continues.

            In Huertgen Forest, German counterattack severs main supply route of 39th Infantry, 9th Division, on east–west trail leading into Germeter. Forward elements north of Vossenack, although not under attack, are recalled to help restore situation. In V Corps area, Combat Command A of 5th Armored Division leaves for XIX Corps sector, where it will be held in army reserve.

            In U.S. Third Army’s XX Corps area, 3d Battalion of 357th Infantry, 90th Division, moves into Maizières-lès-Metz to bolster weary 2d Battalion. Last elements of 5th Division withdraw from Forêt Driant, night 12–13. In XII Corps area, 26th Division relieves 4th Armored Division on right flank of corps.

EASTERN EUROPE—Troops of Second Ukrainian Front take Oradea (Transylvania), continue battle for Debrecen (Hungary), and cut Belgrade–Budapest RR at Subotica (Yugoslavia).

ITALY—AAI: In U.S Fifth Army’s IV Corps area, TF 92 pushes to crest of Mont Cauala but is again forced to retire. Efforts to take Mont Cauala are suspended for next few days. In II Corps area, 135th Infantry of 34th Division extends eastward as it continues, in conjunction with Combat Command A of 1st Armored Division, to attack Monterumici hill mass. 91st Division get additional elements up Livergnano escarpment but is unable to clear it. 3d Battalion of 338th Infantry, 85th Division, attacks north through 2d Battalion on crest of Mont delle Formiche; Germans defend Hill 578 against attacks of 337th Infantry. 88th Division continues to attack Mont delle Tombe and clears Gesso ridge. In British 13 Corps area, Indian 8th Division is assigned positions southwest of Mont Ceco to ease strain on 1st Division. British Eighth Army is ordered to release Indian 4th Division and Greek 3d Mountain Brigade for service outside Italy.

            In 5 Corps area, corps presses from the Rubicone toward the Savio and Cesena. Indian 10th Division advances its left flank to Mont dell’Erta, east of the Savio; elements crossing the Rubicone to north are held up in Sorrivoli. Attacking across the Rubicone on right flank of corps, 46th Division takes Casale.

CORFU‑ALBANIA—British commando force from Land Forces, Adriatic, lands on Corfu and in Sarande area of south Albania.

GREECE—Advance detachment of British 4th Parachute Battalion and Royal Engineer s is dropped in Megara area to secure and repair airfield. Piraeus and Kalamata are found to be clear of enemy.

FORMOSA—In preparation for invasion of Leyte, TF 38, Third Fleet, begins series of powerful carrier aircraft strikes against Formosa to neutralize enemy air and naval power, evoking strong opposition.

SWPA—Gen MacArthur issues orders for invasion of Luzon, to be undertaken by U.S. Sixth Army’s Island Corps (6th and 43d Divisions, reinforced) and XIV Corps (37th and 40th Divisions, reinforced). 25th Infantry and 11th Airborne Divisions, Regimental Combat Team 158, 6th Ranger Battalion, and 13th Armored Group constitute reserve and follow-up forces. Various service units are assigned as army and corps troops.

PALAUS—On Peleliu, Gen Geiger opens III Amphibious Corps CP ashore and declares assault and occupation phase at an end. 1st Marine Division is now responsible only for the Umurbrogol Pocket. 321st Infantry takes responsibility for eastern arm of the island and begins relieving Marine units. Island Garrison Force takes over region south of the Umurbrogol Pocket.

 

US MARINE CORPS

Peleliu becomes a Marine island command similar to Guam and Tinian.

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