Sunday, 22 March 1942

US NAVY

ATLANTIC—Unarmed U.S. tanker Naeco is torpedoed by German submarine U-124 at 33°59'N, 76°40'W. Coast Guard cutter Dione (WPC-107) rescues 10 survivors from one lifeboat and two men from the sea; minesweeper Osprey (AM-56) rescues one survivor from a raft; tug Umpqua (AT-25) takes off one man who had returned to the ship after she had been abandoned. All told, 24 men perish with the ship, which later breaks in half (the stern section sinking). Destroyer Roper (DD-147) scuttles the bow section with gunfire.

            Unarmed U.S. tanker Muskogee is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-123 at 28°00'N, 58°00'W. U-123 draws near to the survivors on two rafts and questions them before clearing the area. None of the 34 man crew, however, are ever seen again.

US ARMY AIR FORCE

—

US ARMY

UNITED STATES—President Roosevelt sends message to General MacArthur in Australia expressing his desire that General Wainwright control all forces in the Philippines; General MacArthur concurs.

BURMA—Japanese planes make another destructive attack on Magwe airdrome, forcing AVG and RAF aircraft to withdraw to Loiwing (on Chinese frontier) and Akyab, respectively. Troops defending Burma are thus denied close air support. General Stilwell, upon arriving at front, begins planning for counterattack in support of Chinese 200th Division at Toungoo. Chinese continue to withstand pressure against Toungoo from the S.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Saturday, 21 March 1942

US NAVY

ATLANTIC—Unarmed U.S. tanker Esso Nashville is torpedoed by German submarine U-124 off Frying Pan Lightship Buoy,33°35'N, 77°22'W. High speed transport McKean (APD 5) rescues eight survivors from two lifeboats; Coast Guard cutters Tallapoosa (WPG-52) and Agassiz (WPC-126) recover the rest (21 men and 8 men, respectively). After Esso Nashville breaks in two, tug Umpqua (AT-25) tows the after end of the vessel to Morehead City, North Carolina. Later, U-124 torpedoes tanker Atlantic Sun off Beaufort (North Carolina) Lightship, but inflicts little damage; there are no casualties among the 40 man merchant complement or the 5 man Armed Guard and Atlantic Sun reaches Beaufort without further incident.

US ARMY AIR FORCE

—

US ARMY

PHILLIPINE ISLANDS—General Wainwright, as commander of U.S. Forces in the Philippines (USFIP), which supersedes USAFFE, establishes HQ on Corregidor and appoints General Beebe his chief of staff. Maj General Edward P. King, Jr., is to be commander of Luzon Force.

AUSTRALIA—Lt General George H. Brett, U.S. Army, becomes commander of combined air forces, retaining command of USAFIA.

CHINA BURMA INDIA—Assam-Burma-China Ferry Command is activated. It consists of 25 Pan-American transports, which are soon diverted from mission of taking supplies to China in order to supply forces withdrawing from Burma.

BURMA—Burma 1st Division, upon being relieved on Toungoo front by 200th Division, Chinese 5th Army, begins movement to Irrawaddy front, leaving large area S of Toungoo undefended. General Stilwell, now in Burma, issues orders for Chinese participation in defense of line Toungoo–Prome. Chinese 5th Army is charged with defense of Toungoo. Its 200th Division is reinforced by attachment of Temporary 55th Division (T-55th) of Chinese 6th Army, which is to move to Pyawbwe. In army reserve, Chinese 22d Division is directed to Taungdwingyi, where it is to be prepared to assist British in Prome area while Chinese 96th Division is to move to Mandalay. Crippling enemy air attack on Magwe airdrome reduces the already meager air force defending Burma.

LIBYA—British Eighth Army continues raids on forward landing grounds of Axis forces as diversion for convoy to Malta. Raids are partially successful, drawing off part of enemy’s aircraft, but convoy is unable to reach Malta intact and later suffers additional damage under air attack while unloading.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Friday, 20 March 1942

US NAVY

ATLANTIC—Unarmed U.S. tanker Oakmar is shelled by German submarine U-71 at 36°21'N, 68°50'W, and abandoned; submarine R-6 (SS-83) is sent to her assistance. U-71 torpedoes Oakmar and shells her until she sinks. Six men perish in the abandonment; the remainder (30 men) are rescued by Greek steamship Panos Pladelis.

US ARMY AIR FORCE

ARMY AIR FORCES—Plan for Initiation of US Army Bombardment Operations in the British Isles’ further elaborates previous AAF plans outlining intention of launching strategic bombardment from UK against facilities supporting German national, economic, and industrial structure.

ARMY AIR FORCES IN BRITIAN—Report submitted by General Eaker in compliance with General Chaney’s instructions of 25 Feb indicates completion of studies of RAF Bomber Command operations and of airfields, training, tactical doctrine, equipment, and methods of conducting air offensive in cooperation with RAF. Report also indicates much dependence upon British for the present but emphasizes the apparent compatibility of the tactical doctrines of the US (daylight precision bombing) and RAF (night area bombing), and implies the principle of coordinating these attacks to complement each other.

US ARMY

PHILLIPINE ISLANDS—General Wainwright learns that he has been promoted to rank of Lt. General and that Washington has placed him in command of all U.S. forces in the Philippines.

LIBYA—Complying with request of 8 March for offensive action to divert enemy’s attention from Malta-bound convoy, British Eighth Army raids landing grounds in Derna and Benghazi areas after nightfall.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Thursday, 19 March 1942

US NAVY

PACIFIC—Philippine President Manuel Quezon and 13 members of his party are transported from Dumaguete, Negros, to Oroquito, Mindanao, after a 240 mile voyage in motor torpedo boat PT-41.

            Small reconnaissance seaplane from Japanese submarine I-25 reconnoiters Suva, Fiji Islands.

ATLANTIC—Destroyer Dickerson (DD-157) rescues 14 of the 40 man crew of tanker E.M. Clark, sunk by U-124 the previous day. Later, however, Dickerson is mistakenly fired upon and damaged by gunfire from U.S. freighter Liberator off Virginia capes; three men (including the ship's captain) are killed and six wounded. Later the same day, Liberator is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-332, three miles west of the Diamond Shoals Buoy, 35°05'N, 75°30'W; five crewmen perish. Tug Umpqua (AT-25) rescues 26 merchant sailors and the 4 man Armed Guard.

            Destroyer Hambleton (DD-455), at 35°39'N, 71°10'W; rescues six survivors of Honduran freighter Ceiba, sunk by U-124 on 17 March.

            British motor vessel Port Halifax rescues the 23 survivors of U.S. tanker W.E. Hutton, sunk by German submarine U-332 off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, the previous day.

            High speed transport Stringham (APD 6) rescues the 31 survivors of U.S. tanker Papoose, irreparably damaged the previous day by German submarine U-124. On report of the master, who believes his ship can be saved, tug Kewaydin (AT-24) is sent to investigate salvage possibilities. Papoose, however, is beyond saving, and sinks the next day; Kewaydin proceeds to assist Acushnet (see below).

            Damaged U.S. tanker Acme (torpedoed by German submarine U-124 on 17 March) is taken in tow by tug Acushnet (AT-63) and taken to Norfolk.

US ARMY AIR FORCE

—

US ARMY

BURMA—Lt General William J. Slim arrives in Burma to take command of Imperial troops, now formed into Burma I Corps. In Sittang Valley, Japanese begin drive on Toungoo and are opposed by Ch 200th Division.

USSR—German Army Group North is making determined efforts to break through to II Corps, Sixteenth Army, in Cholm-Staraya Russa area. Red Army maintains pressure on enemy on central and southern fronts.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Wednesday, 18 March 1942

US NAVY

PACIFIC—River gunboat Tutuila (PR-4), decommissioned at Chungking, China, on 18 January, is leased to the Chinese government for the duration of the war.

            Japanese merchant cargo ship Jumpo Maru is sunk, agent unknown, off Tsushima Island.

ATLANTIC—U.S. tanker E.M. Clark is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-124 about 22 miles southwest of Diamond Shoals, North Carolina, 34°50'N, 75°35'W. Venezuelan tanker Catatumbo rescues 23 of the tanker's complement. Unarmed U.S. tanker Papoose is torpedoed by German submarine U-124 about 15 miles south of Cape Lookout, North Carolina, 34°17'N, 76°39'W (see 19 March 1942).

            Yacht Tourmaline (PY-20) and Coast Guard cutter Cuyahoga (WPC-157) rescue eight survivors of British tanker San Demetrio, sunk by U-404 on 16 March.

            Unarmed U.S. tanker W.E. Hutton is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-332 about 20 miles southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina, 34°05'N, 76°40'W; 13 of the ship's complement of 36 merchant sailors perish in the attack (see 19 March).

US ARMY AIR FORCE

—

US ARMY

NEW HEBRIDES—U.S. Army troops (2 companies of 182d Infantry and an engineer company of Americal Division) arrive at Efate to build airfield.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Tuesday, 17 March 1942

US NAVY

PACIFIC—United States, in agreement with Allied governments, assumes responsibility for the strategic defense of entire Pacific Ocean.

            Submarine Grayback (SS-208) sinks Japanese collier Ishikari Maru six miles west of Port Lloyd, Chichi Jima, Bonins, 27°05'N, 142°05'E.

            Submarine Permit (SS-178) is damaged by depth charges off Tayabas Bay, P.I. but remains on patrol.

EUROPE—Naval Forces Europe (Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley) is established.

ATLANTIC—Destroyer Stack (DD-406) and carrier Wasp (CV-7) are damaged in collision while en route from Casco Bay, Maine, to Norfolk, Virginia.

            Unarmed U.S. tanker Acme is torpedoed and damaged by German submarine U-124 west of Diamond Shoals,35°06'N, 75°23'W; U-124 later torpedoes and sinks Greek freighter Kassandra Louloudi four miles west-southwest of Diamond Shoals gas buoy. Coast Guard cutter Dione (WPC-107) rescues 20 survivors from Acme and 35 from Kassandra Louloudi; steamship Beta rescues 22 men from the latter ship.

            Honduran freighter Ceiba is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-124 at 35°43'N, 73°49'W (see 19 March).

US ARMY AIR FORCE

SW PACIFIC AREA—General MacArthur arrives in Australia to assume command of United Nations forces in SWPA. He actually assumed command on 18 April.

US ARMY

AUSTRALIA—From Mindanao, General MacArthur flies to Darwin, where he will be in supreme command of forces in SW Pacific. Formal delineation of this area has not yet been agreed upon. Col Beebe, deputy chief of staff of USAFFE, is promoted to brigadier general.

CHINA BURMA INDIA—Air Vice Marshal Stevenson, commanding Allied air forces, moves HQ from Burma to Calcutta, India.

US MARINE CORPS

—

Monday, 16 March 1942

US NAVY

PACIFIC—Submarine Permit (SS-178) delivers ammunition to Corregidor, and evacuates second increment of naval radio and communications intelligence people.

ATLANTIC—Unarmed U.S. tanker Australia is torpedoed, shelled, and irreparably damaged by German submarine U-332 off Diamond Shoals, 35°07'N, 75°22'W. U.S. freighter William J. Salman rescues survivors and transfers them to yacht Ruby (PY-21) for further transportation to Southport, North Carolina. Australia, sunk in shallow water, is written off as a total loss and her wreck demolished on 20 March.

            British tanker San Demetrio is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-404 at 37°03'N, 73°50'W (see 18 March).

US ARMY AIR FORCE

FIFTH AF—3 B‑17’s of 435th Reconnaissance Squadron, 19th Bomb Group begin evacuating General MacArthur, his family, and his staff from Del Monte to Australia.

US ARMY

—

US MARINE CORPS

—