Friday, November 1, 2024

80 Years Ago, Wednesday, 25 October 1944

US NAVY

INTERNATIONAL—Unites States and Great Britain resume diplomatic relations with Italy.

PACIFIC—Battle for Leyte Gulf continues as TG 77.2 (Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf), augmented by TG 77.3 (Rear Admiral Russell S. Berkey) and TG 70.1 (39 motor torpedo boats) execute the classic maneuver of "crossing the tee" of the Japanese "Southern Force" (Vice Admiral Nishimura Shoji and Vice Admiral Shima Kiyohide) in the Battle of Surigao Strait. TG 70.1 begins the action against the Japanese ships. PT‑137 torpedoes light cruiser Abukuma, but PT‑493 is sunk by enemy secondary battery gunfire, 10°15'N, 125°23'E. DESRON 54 (Captain Jesse G. Coward) then attacks; McDermut (DD‑677) sinks destroyer Yamagumo, 10°25'N, 125°20'E, and damages destroyers Asagumo and Michisio. Subsequently, light cruiser Denver (CL‑58) sinks Asagumo at entrance of Surigao Strait, 10°04'N, 125°21'E. DESRON 24 (Captain Kenmore Mont McManes) enters the fray and Hutchins (DD‑476) (McManes's flagship) sinks Michisio, 10°25'N, 123°25'E; DESRON 56 (Captain Roland Mont Smoot) attacks; Albert W. Grant (DD‑649) is damaged by both friendly and Japanese gunfire at this phase of the battle, 10°27'N, 125°25'E. Two Australian warships take part in this fleet action--heavy cruiser HMAS Shropshire (in TG 77.3) and destroyer HMAS Arunta (in DESRON 24)--that see the destruction of battleships Fuso and Yamashiro, 10°25'N, 125°20'E. Heavy cruiser Mogami and destroyer Shigure are damaged.

            Meanwhile, the "Center Force" (Vice Admiral Kurita Takeo), which includes four battleships and five heavy cruisers, having passed into the Philippine Sea during the night, surprises TG 77.4 (Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague) off Samar. Kurita's force wreaks havoc on the six escort carriers, three destroyers, and four destroyer escorts of TU 77.4.3(northernmost carrier force) (Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague). In this battle, which becomes a precipitate flight in the face of an overwhelming enemy force, Kurita's ships inflict severe damage but emerge bloodied by the Homeric efforts of the "small boys" (destroyers and destroyer escorts) and planes from the escort carriers that compel Kurita to retire, inexplicably, without destroying the CVEs and their consorts in detail. In the Battle off Samar, Japanese surface gunfire sinks destroyers Hoel, 11°46'N, 126°33'E; Johnston, 11°46'N, 126°09'E; and destroyer escort Samuel B. Roberts (DE‑413), 11°40'N, 126°20'E; and damages destroyer Heermann (DD‑523), 11°40'N, 126°15'E; and destroyer escort Dennis (DE‑405), 11°40'N, 126°20'E. Johnston damages heavy cruiser Kumano.

            Japanese surface gunfire (either battleship Haruna or Kongo) straddles escort carrier White Plains (CVE‑66), 11°40'N,126°20'E, St. Lo (CVE‑63), and Kitkun Bay (CVE‑ 71) but scores no direct hits. Heavy cruisers Chikuma, Haguro, and Chokai; light cruiser Noshiro; and a destroyer sink escort carrier Gambier Bay (CVE‑73), 11°31'N, 126°12'E. Japanese surface gunfire also damages Fanshaw Bay (CVE‑70) and Kalinin Bay (CVE‑68), 11°40'N, 126°20'E; the latter claims one hit on a Japanese heavy cruiser with her single 5-inch gun. Navy carrier-based aircraft damage battleships Kongo (from near-misses) and Yamato and heavy cruisers Chikuma, Chokai, and Suzuya.

            Subsequently, Japanese planes attack escort carriers of TU 77.4.1 (Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague). Suwannee (CVE‑27) is damaged by kamikazes, 09°45'N, 126°42'E, and Santee (CVE‑29) by suicide plane and Japanese submarine I‑56, 09°45'N, 126°20'E. Kamikazes near-miss Sangamon, 09°45'N, 126°42'E, and Petrof Bay (CVE‑80). Destroyer escort Richard Mont Rowell is damaged by strafing, 10°05'N, 127°10'E.

            Following its ordeal off Samar, TU 77.4.3 (Rear Admiral Clifton A.F. Sprague) comes under Japanese air attack. Kamikazes sink St. Lo, 11°13'N, 126°05'E, and damage Kalinin Bay and Kitkun Bay, 11°10'N, 126°20'E. At the same time, in the Battle off Cape Engano, carrier aircraft from the Third Fleet (Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr.) strike the Japanese "Northern Force" (Vice Admiral Ozawa Jisaburo). Planes from carriers Essex and Lexington sink carrier Zuikaku 220 nautical miles east-northeast of Cape Engano, 19°20'N, 125°51'E, and carrier Chitose 235 nautical miles east of Cape Engano, 19°20'N, 125°20'E; carrier Chiyoda, damaged by planes from carriers Lexington and Franklin and light carrier Langley, is sunk by heavy cruisers New Orleans and Wichita and light cruisers Santa Fe and Mobile(CL‑63) 260 nautical miles southeast of Cape Engano, 18°37'N, 126°45'E. Carrier Zuiho is sunk by planes from Essex, Franklin, Lexington, Enterprise, and light carrier San Jacinto east-northeast of Cape Engano, 19°20'N,125°51'E.

            U.S. aircraft, during the Battle for Leyte Gulf, damage Japanese battleships Yamato and Nagato and heavy cruiser Myoko in San Jose Strait; battleship Haruna, east of Samar; light cruiser Yahagi off Leyte; destroyer Kiyoshimo off Leyte. Heavy cruiser Chikuma, damaged by carrier-based aircraft (TU 77.4.2) off Samar, is scuttled by destroyer Nowaki, 11°22'N, 126°16'E; heavy cruiser Suzuya, damaged by carrier- based aircraft off Samar, is scuttled by destroyer Okinami, 11°50'N, 126°25'E; heavy cruiser Chokai, damaged by carrier-based aircraft (TU 77.4.2) off Samar, is scuttled by destroyer Fujinami, 11°26'N, 126°15'E; heavy cruiser Mogami, damaged by heavy cruisers Minneapolis, Portland (CA‑33), Louisville (CA‑28), light cruisers Columbia (CL‑56) and Denver, and collision with heavy cruiser Nachi, south of Bohol Island, P.I., is scuttled by destroyer Akebono, 09°40'N, 124°50'E; light cruiser Tama is sunk by aircraft from Essex and Lexington and submarine Jallao (SS‑368), east of Luzon Strait, 21°23'N,127°19'E; destroyer Hatsuzuki is sunk by the gunfire of four heavy cruisers and twelve destroyers east north-east of Cape Engano, 20°24'N, 126°20'E.

            Japanese air attacks continue against shipping off Leyte: U.S. freighter Adoniram Judson is attacked by Japanese planes off Tacloban; Armed Guard gunners claim splashing six. One bomb explodes close aboard, causing fragmentation damage and wounding two of the embarked stevedores. There are no casualties to the ship's company:43 merchant seamen and 28 Armed Guards. Freighter John W. Foster, anchored in San Pedro Bay, is strafed; 7 of the 27-man Armed Guard, 3 of 170 embarked troops, and 1 officer, are wounded.

            Submarine Halibut (SS‑232) sinks Japanese destroyer Akizuki east-northeast of Cape Engaño, 20°29'N, 126°36'E.

            Submarine Nautilus (SS‑168) lands men and supplies on east coast of Luzon.

            Submarine Seal (SS‑183) sinks Japanese transport Hakuyo Maru, north of Urup, Kurils, 50°18'N, 150°50'E.

            Submarine Sterlet (SS‑392) sinks Japanese merchant tanker Jinei Maru south of Yaku Jima, 30°15'N, 129°45'E.

            Fleet tanker Matsumoto Maru sinks as the result of damage inflicted by submarine Tang (SS‑306) in Formosa Strait the day before, 25°07'N, 119°45'E.

            British submarine HMS Tantivy sinks Japanese motor sail ship No.47 Tachibana Maru in Flores Sea.

            Navy F4Us sink Japanese auxiliary submarine chaser Cha 62 north of Palaus.

            Other Japanese casualties include auxiliary submarine chaser Cha 52 sunk at Palau, 07°30'N, 134°40'E; and merchant tanker Shoho Maru sunk by USAAF aircraft in South China Sea, 11°18'N, 114°50'E.

 

US ARMY AIR FORCE

EIGHTH AF—Nearly 1,200 heavy bombers in 5 forces attack 3 oil refineries, Neumunster airfield and aircraft repair works, synthetic oil targets at Gelsenkirchen and Scholven/Buer, and several other targets including marshalling yards at Munster and Hamm. 11 fighter groups provide support.

NINTH AF—First Tactical AF (Provisional) is established, but not yet organized, therefore Ninth AF continues to administer, supply, and control all XII Tactical Air Command and assigned units until mid‑Nov when First Tactical AF assumes full control. 9th Bomb division’s missions are cancelled because of bad weather. Fighters fly sweeps, hit rail and military targets in Saarbrucken area, and support US XIX Corps in Western Germany.

TWELFTH AF—Weather again grounds medium bombers. Fighter bombers blast guns, vehicles, and communications in battle area South of Bologna while fighters destroy over 20 locomotives in Piacenza area.

FIFTEENTH AF—Weather again limits operations. 3 B‑17’s bomb Klagenfurt aircraft factory and Sankt Veit and der Glan marshalling yard. 5 P‑38’s complete 3 weather reconnaissance missions.

FOURTEENTH AF—6 B‑25’s and 4 P‑38’s damage railroad tracks at Dara bridge. 7 P‑38’s and P‑51’s hit Mongyu bridges and destroy Kawnghka bridge. 4 others strafe Nawnghkio airfield. 20‑plus P‑51’s and P‑40’s on armed reconnaissance attack targets of opportunity at Tengyun, Kweiping, and Ssuanghsu, and about 50 strike targets throughout Menghsu area.

FEAF—50‑plus B‑24’s, supported by P‑38’s and P‑47’s, attack naval forces in Mindanao Sea, firing small vessels and claiming a light cruiser damaged. B‑24’s bomb Ambesia airfield and attack shipping in Makassar— Kendari area. Fighter bombers hit barges and villages in areas of Dodinga and Wasile Bays. B‑25’s, A‑20’s, and fighter bombers hit Piroe, Boela, Halong, Amboina, Saparoea, Haroekoe, and Northern Ceram coastal targets. A‑20’s pound supply and fuel dumps in Sarmi area.

TWENTIETH AF—59 B‑29’s, flying out of Chengtu, bomb aircraft plant at Omura. Several other very heavy bombers hit alternate targets and targets of opportunity.

SEVENTH AF—29 Saipan‑based B‑24’s bomb Iwo Jima during the morning. Later during the day 4 B‑24’s from Saipan and Guam, on armed reconnaissance missions, bomb Yap. 8 P‑47’s from Saipan bomb Pagan.

 

US ARMY

WESTERN EUROPE—21 Army Group: In Canadian First Army’s 2 Corps area, Canadian 2d Division, working slowly West along Beveland Isthmus, reaches Rilland.

            In British 1 Corps area, U.S. 104th Division drives North with 3 regiments abreast toward Zundert.

            12th Army Group: In U.S. First Army area, boundary between VII and V Corps is temporarily altered to give V Corps responsibility for Schmidt. V Corps takes command of 9th Division, less 47th Infantry which is at Schevenhuette. 28th Division begins relief of battle-worn 9th Division in preparation for drive on Schmidt.

            6th Army Group: In U.S. Seventh Army’s XV Corps area, 44th Division withstands repeated counterattacks against its positions East of Forêt de Parroy. French 2d Armored Division is ordered to attack on right flank of corps in support of VI Corps before 1 November.

            In VI Corps area, Gen Brooks, former commander of V Corps, takes command of corps, replacing Gen Truscott. 36th Division attempts in vain to relieve isolated battalion of 141st Infantry North of La Houssière.

NORWAY—Driving into Norway from Finland, Soviet forces of Karelian Front clear Kirkenes.

ITALY—AAI: In U.S. Fifth Army area, elements of South African 6th Armored Division wade Setta Creek and take Hill 501, below Mont Sole. In II Corps area, further efforts to deepen Mont Grande salient, night 25–26, are costly failures. 362d Infantry, 91st Division, is attached to 88th Division and prepares to assist in attack.

            In British 13 Corps area, 61st Brigade of 6th Armored Division gets elements to Mont Taverna, night 25–26, but withdraws them because of tenuous supply situation.

            In British Eighth Army area, 5 Corps reaches the Ronco from heights across from Meldola to Highway 9. 4th Division, which replaces 12th Brigade with 10th, takes Forlimpopoli without a fight. Attack across the Ronco begins night 25–26, Indian 10th Division establishing small bridgeheads South and North of Meldola and 4th Division crossing 2 companies North West of Selbagnone and 2 others at Highway 9. Canadian r Corps continues to pursue enemy toward the Ronco, coastal elements reaching the Bevano.

BURMA—NCAC offensive continues against light resistance. 29th Brigade of British 36th Division, which has progressed 23 miles from Namma against negligible opposition, skirmishes with enemy in Mawpin area.

BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF—Aircraft and surface forces of Third and Seventh Fleets decisively defeat Japanese Combined Fleet and continue to attack it as it begins to retire. Seventh Fleet units defeat a force that has moved through San Bernardino Strait while Third Fleet turns back the decoy force to North.

LEYTE—U.S. Sixth Army: Patrol contact is established between X and XXIV Corps at 1430. In X Corps area, on North Leyte, Japanese aircraft attack Babatngon harbor. 1st Squadron of 7th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, during the next few days explores coast of Carigara Bay and finds few Japanese there. 8th Cavalry is consolidating and improving positions in Juanico Strait area. 2d Squadron of 8th Cavalry, because of supply difficulties, is ordered to remain in position along Diit River and patrol rather than continue drive toward Santa Cruz. In Palo area, 3d Battalion of 34th Infantry takes Hill C. 2d Battalion, 19th Infantry, gains crest of Hill B after enemy defenders have followed their customary practice of retiring from it for the night. 1st Battalion, 19th, takes Hill 85. Reduction of these heights clears entrance into North Leyte Valley. 3d Battalion, 19th Infantry, starts toward Pastrana, reaching Castilla. In XXIV Corps area, patrol of 383d Infantry, 96th Division, moves North through Tanauan and makes contact with Company K of 19th Infantry, 24th Division. Co. K, reinforced, attacks Tabontabon but withdraws when it finds the town too strongly held to take. 382d Infantry seizes Aslom and Kanmonhag. After preparatory bombardment, 2d and 3d Battalions of 32d Infantry, 7th Division, preceded by tanks, continue attack toward Buri airstrip. 3d Battalion reaches edge of the field but 2d is halted by elaborate defenses at edge of woods to North. 17th Infantry, opposed from ridge North of Burauen and East of the road to Dagami, makes limited advance while concentrating for another drive toward Dagami, clearing East spur of the ridge and probing road to barrio of Buri.

PALAUS—On Peleliu, 323d Infantry, which has arrived from Ulithi begins relieving 321st Infantry.

 

US MARINE CORPS

CinCPOA issues Joint Staff Study outlining plans for Okinawa operation.

 

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